There is a link between diabetes and gum disease, each disease affecting the other, but we don’t exactly know why.
Gum disease is a very common disease. But when you have diabetes, your risk is higher.
Gum disease is caused by one group of bacteria in plaque that makes toxins that inflame the gums, known as gingivitis. It can cause loss of bone around your teeth and gum recession over time. This can lead to tooth loss, known as periodontitis.
Gums that bleed when you brush your teeth are never normal and you should see your dentist. Untreated gum disease will always get worse.
Gum disease can increase your blood sugar levels, which can make other complications of diabetes, such as heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidney and nerve problems worse.
Controlling gum disease can help you control your blood sugar levels.
People with type 2 diabetes are around three times more likely to develop dental problems than people who don’t have diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes are also more at risk.
Tooth decay
You are also at greater risk of developing another very common disease, tooth decay, also known as caries.
Too much sugar in your blood can lead to more sugar in your saliva, and that creates the perfect breeding ground for a second group of plaque bacteria. This bacteria produces acid which attacks your tooth enamel and dentine causing cavities. The longer sugar is present, the higher the risk of tooth decay.
Looking after your teeth and gums should be a basic part of how you manage your diabetes. You can prevent these potential complications by spotting them early and getting the right treatment from your dentist.
The early signs of mouth problems are things like bleeding gums, loosening teeth and bad breath. Your teeth may be more sensitive to hot or cold drinks or ache as cavities develop. If you notice these, don’t ignore them and make an appointment with your dentist. Getting the right treatment early can prevent severe infections, tooth loss and other complications later.
For more information, visit www.diabetes.org.uk, the website of Diabetes UK, the leading charity for people living with diabetes.